Amber (Lat. succinum) is fossil pine resin of the Eocene period (i.e. 45 or 40 million years old), changed by microorganisms oxidation, polymerization and other processes. It formed in forests of coniferous and broad- leaf bearing trees  which grew Fennoscandia. The warming of the climate caused increased resin excretion. The processes of amber formation are well reflected by the shape of its pieces.
  From the scientific point of view very interesting are micro drops and micro icicles ("amber in amber”) i.e. fossilized first portions of resin excretions.
  Inclusions are fossilized bits of flora and fauna of "amber pine” forests, the ancestors of the present-day forests. 86.7 percent inclusions are injects, 11.8 percent are spiders, 0.1 percent bits of plants and 1.3 percent are other groups of fauna. About 3000 species of fauna is fossilized in amber. Well preserved inclusions indicate that amber originated from liquid resin which was quickly hardening.
  The migration of amber started since its formation and going on throughout all geologic periods. Complicated geologic processes which took place in the Paleogene, Neogene and Quartery periods played an important role not only for spreading of amber but also for the geologic structure of as deposit, and for the formation of its diverse genetic types. The main amber deposits formed in the Konigsberg region and Poland in the deltaic deposits of rivers flowing from Fennoscandia in the Eocene period (45—50 million years ago).

amber
amber About 150 varieties of fossil resins (in Lat. fossiles means excavated) are known all over the world. Most of them occur in northen hemisphere, i. e. in Europe and America, as these continents are well investigated geologically.
  About 50 varieties of fossil resins dating to various ages are found in Europe. Best known are rumenite (Rumania, the Car-pathians), aykaitc (Hungary), simetite (Italy). In Asia occurs burmite (Burma, Thailand). Kindred to fossil resin copals dating from the Quartery period are found in Africa. Chemawinite (sida-rite) is found in Alaska and Canada and fossil resins of broad leaf-bearing trees called "Mexican amber" are found in Mexica and Dominica.
Amber, that marvelous creation of nature, attracted man since prehistoric times.Glorified in songs and legends, made famous by poets and scholars of Antiquity, it became part of the history of human culture. 
  Having fossilized and preserved in it self bits of flora and fauna which existed tens of millions years ago, amber is prized not only by beauty lovers but also is an object of scientific studies.
  Amber was mentioned for the first time in the Assyrian cuneiforms in the 10th century B.C. Ancient myths and legends reflect man's attempts to solve the mystery of the origin of amber.