Karabakh Conflict Resource Library

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Historical issues

Comprehensive and all-covering history of the Karabakh region of Azerbaijan from most ancient times till 1988. From www.Karabakh.org

HISTORY OF KARABAKH

TREATY BETWEEN THE KHAN OF QARABAGH AND THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE ON TRANSFER OF THE QARABAGH KHANATE TO RUSSIA
May 14, 1805

this historical document proves to whom Karabakh belonged at least in XIXc.

Concise Historical Information on Azerbaijan and the Roots of the Armenian-Azeri Conflict

from the MFA of Azerbaijan

An interesting, from the historical point of view, article, which brings light on one of the least studied, but on of the most important aspects of the perceptions, which lie in the roots of the Armenian-Azeri ethnoterritorial conflict

Traditional Nomadic Land Tenure in Karabakh and the Contemporary Azeri-Armenian Ethnic and Territorial Conflict [.pdf]]
by Anatoly Yamskov, Moscow Carnegie Center
(in Russian)

by using the etymological evidences the author tries to explain the origins of ancient tribes and toponymies.
Very complicated and ambitious study.

On the Problem of Autohtonity of the Turkic Population of Karabakh
by Alekber Alekberov, doctor of philosophy

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey
The Armenian File by Camuran Gurun.
Comprehensive and detailed information on the origins of Armenians, the origins of "Armenian question", a broad historical description of the time.

An Armenian and Muslim Tragedy? Yes! Genocide? No!
by Bruce Fein

regarding the tragic events of 1915-1923

Armenian Allegations: The Facts Concerning the Alleged Armenian Genocide
by Professor Hasan Ozbekhan

brief review of the facts

Khojaly commemoration Site

AZERBAIJAN
Seven Years of Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh
Human Rights Watch/Helsinki Report

One of the best-written and most well-known reports about the Karabakh conflict. The original version online.

UNDECLARED WAR
The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Reconsidered
By Svante Cornell

Historical, political and legal aspects of the Karabakh conflict overviewed

Legal issues

The Legal Aspects of the Karabakh Conflict
by Jeyhun Mollazade, Ph.D.
President, US-Azerbaijan Council

The Questions of Self-Determination, Secession, Irredentism and Territorial Integrity on the Examples of the Conflict over the Territory of Mountainous Karabakh and the Conflict in Chechnya in Comparative Perspectives.
by Tabib Huseynov

The Nagorno-Karabakh Question
UN Reaffirms the Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity of Azerbaijan
by Yashar T. Aliyev

Right to self-determination and the conflict in
Mountainous Karabakh
by Erjan Kourbanov (in Russian)

THE CONFLICT IN NAGORNO KARABAKH:
NEGOTIATING SELF-DETERMINATION ? [.doc]
by Blanka Hancilova

An interesting study of the conflict with focus on the legal and moral aspects.

Political and Humanitarian issues

Report of the OSCE Fact-Finding Mission (FFM) to the Occupied Territories of Azerbaijan Surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh (NK)

The article addresses the major obstacles to the conflict and suggests a way to solve the conflict. It advocates a three-step approach � introducing fundamental principles of a solution; creating a power-sharing arrangement and combining this power-sharing with various regional integration initiatives.

MOUNTAINOUS KARABAKH: CONFLICT RESOLUTION THROUGH POWER-SHARING AND REGIONAL INTEGRATION
by Tabib Huseynov

Consise recommendations on measures to be taken during the post-conflict settlement

Peace Pending in Nagorno-Karabagh: Recommendations for the International Community
by Blanka Hancilova

Sources and key points of the conflict, obstacles for the solution and concrete proposals for peaceful settlement.
Printed copy of the report is available by request.

Nagorno-Karabakh: Searching for a Solution
by Patricia Carley
A United States Institute of Peace Roundtable Report

presented by John J. Maresca, a former U.S. ambassador to the CSCE and former special U.S. negotiator for Nagorno-Karabakh at US Institute for peace on July 1, 1994

A Proposal for Settlement of the Conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh

The paper evaluates the role of the domestic ethnic interest groups on foreign policy-making, based on the example of the role of the Armenian lobby in the formulation of the U.S. foreign policy towards Azerbaijan from early 1990s till present.

Influencing American Foreign Policy: A Case on Ethnic vs. National Interests
by Tabib Huseynov
[Turkish (translated) version]

This study examines the differing humanitarian challenges in Armenia and Azerbaijan as well as in Mountainous Karabakh during the years 1988-1996.
Note, the file extension is .pdf you will need an Acrobat Reader to read it.

Humanitarian Action and Politics: The Case of Nagorno-Karabakh
S. Neil MacFarlane and Larry Minear
The Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies

A 1998 USAID report focusing on humanitarian issues resulting from the conflict in Armenia, Azerbaijan and the Mountainous Karabakh region. Includes also field notes from the visit to MK.

HUMANITARIAN NEEDS EVALUATION FOR VICTIMS OF THE NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT

The Conflict Dealt with by the Minsk Conference (Nagorno-Karabakh)

Exerpt from OSCE Handbook regarding OSCE mediation efforts.

ASSESSING THE ORIGINS OF THE KARABAKH CONFLICT
By Alan F. Fogelquist, Ph. D.
Eurasia Research Center, Los Angeles California

Is the Armenian-American Lobby Serving Armenia's Long -Term Interests?
Robert E. Berls, Jr., Ph.D.
Vice President
Frontera Resources Corporation

1.Nagorno-Karabakh and the Azeri-Armenian Conflict
by Alexei Zverev

2.Iran's Role as Mediator in the Nagorno-Karabakh Crisis
by Abdollah Ramezanzadeh

3.Russia's Security Interests and Policies in the Caucasus Region
by Dimitri Trenin

4.Turkey's Policies in Transcaucasia
by Freddy De Pauw

4.UN and OSCE Policies in Transcaucasia
by Olivier Paye and Eric Remacle

The essays above are from the book "Contested Borders in the Caucasus"
Click here for complete listing of the essays on Caucasus from that book

1.Nationalism and Ethnic Conflicts in Transcaucasia in Comparative Perspective

2.The Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh

Links to the essays by Dr V. Seidov from his Vugar Seidov's Home Page website

3.Ethnic Conflicts in Transcaucasia in comparison

4.Transcaucasian Independence Movement

"��-�� " �� -��
by Farid Gouliyev (in Russian)

An interesting analysis of the legal and political consequences of the conflict by a young specialist.

In Brief...

"Azerbaijan: A Geopolitical Factor in the Region" by Zbigniew Brzezinski

Basics of the Karabakh conflict:
Questions-Answers
by Tabib Huseynov

Key points [of the Karabakh Conflict]
an exerpt from the US Peace Institute report on Karabakh

Brief description of Khojaly massacre
February 25-26, 1992

Black January of 1990 in brief

List of Important Legal Documents

--The UN SC Resolutions concerning the Karabakh conflict (1993)

1. UN SC RES 822 (30 April, 1993)

Text of the UNSC Resolutions. From the U.S. State Department Website

2. UN SC RES 853 (29 July, 1993)

3. UN SC RES 874 (14 October, 1993)

4. UN SC RES 884 (12 November, 1993)

--UN General Assembly Resolution 48/114 (20 December 1993)
Emergency international assistance to refugees and displaced persons in Azerbaijan

Annex I to the Lisbon Summit Declaration (1996).
The Statement of the OSCE Chairman-in Office

full text of the Lisbon Summit Declaration (1996)

Annex II to the Lisbon Summit Declaration (1996)
The Statement of the Delegation of Armenia

Decree of the President of Azerbaijan on the genocide of the Azerbaijanis

--United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314 (XXIX). Definition of Aggression.

--GA RES 47/135 (18 December 1992).
Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious or Linguistic Minorities.

see also: UNHCHR: Issue: Minorities
and

What is the difference between the rights of �peoples� and those of �minorities�? Do minorities have right to self-determination? How should the minority rights be implemented? The answers are here�

General comment on the interpretation of article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

full text of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

The International Humanitarian Law (The Law of War)

Full listing and texts of the Convention and Protocols which are designed to safeguard military personnel who are not or no longer taking part in the fighting and persons not actively involved in hostilities, particularly civilians. From ICRC.

Geneva Conventions (1949) and Additional Protocols (1977)

Full listing and texts of the international documents, which establish the rights and obligations of belligerents in the conduct of military operations, and limits the means of harming the enemy. From ICRC.

The Law of The Hague

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

also see

An all-covering and most update collection of various bilateral and multilateral treaties, conventions, agreements and other international documents relating to the laws of war.

The Avalon Project at the Yale Law School: The Laws of War

Express Your Opinions on the future of Karabakh by Voting.

This page is periodically renewed with articles and essays concerning the Karabakh problem and includes material sorted by emphasis on legal, political and historical aspects of the Karabakh conflict. Basically, this page is always under construction.