Four Classes of Matter:
1. Elements
2. Compounds
3. Mixtures
4. Solutions
Elements
- Are the simplest substances.
Ex: O, Au, C, Ne
- An element cannot be changed into a simpler substance by heating or any other process.
- The smallest particle of an element is an atom.
- An atom may change phase but not in substance.
Compounds
- Are made up of two or more atoms that are chemically combined.
Ex: water, table salt
- The smallest part of a compound is a molecule.
- Energy may be used to separate a compound into its various elements.
Mixtures
- Are composed of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
Ex: jelly beans, some rocks
- Mixtures may be made up of combinations of elements or compounds.
- A heterogenous mixture is one that allows you to see its separate parts.
Ex: salad, pizza, muddy water
- A homogenous mixture appears to be the same throughout.
Ex: milk, fog, smoke, cool whip
- The particles are mixed together but not dissolved. Also called colloids because particles are suspended (not dissolved). Colloids have a cloudy appearance.
Solutions
- A type of homogenous mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another.
Ex: sea water, air
- Substance that does the dissolving is called the solvent.
- Substance dissolved is called the solute.
- Water is the universal solvent.
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